Outdoor rectangular basins, weirs and pipe galleries

Drinking Water & Distribution

Surface Water & Municipal Waterworks

Coagulation, flocculation & clarification; Filter media & filter aids; Activated-carbon adsorption for organics, color & odor

Outdoor rectangular basins, weirs and pipe galleries, used as an industry or equipment reference. Process selection depends on water quality and project conditions.

Your process challenges

Chemistry matched to real operating conditions.

Build a treatment shortlist around water quality, public-water use and the documents needed for the actual product.

Treatment approach

Surface Water & Municipal Waterworks: understand the treatment stages first.

Source-water coagulation and flocculation → settling or flotation → filtration / adsorption → disinfection and water stabilization for the intended use. Select each route according to source-water changes and the plant's existing process.

Check together during selection

Select according to source-water variability, intended use and water-supply equipment. Intended-use documentation for potable-water chemicals and materials must cover the specific product.

Compare candidate products below by treatment objective. Evaluate different routes separately; the list does not imply simultaneous dosing.

Find products by treatment objective

Operating conditions and product routes

Surface Water & Municipal Waterworks: match requirements to each treatment stage.

Compare treatment objectives, chemical functions and verification criteria stage by stage. Products in the table may be alternatives or serve different stages; they are not necessarily dosed together.

Define influent and objectives first

Share raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. This helps connect raw water, treated water and distribution requirements and narrow the product and specification range.

Then confirm assessment limits

Select against raw water changes, intended use and water supply equipment. End-use documents for drinking water chemicals and materials must match the specific product.

Compare all treatment routesProduct roles, conditions and verification

Surface Water & Municipal Waterworks: treatment objectives and product routes
Treatment objective / stage	Product routes to compare	Function / applicable conditions	Checks before selection
Coagulation, flocculation & clarificationCoagulation & solid–liquid separationFilter by this objective	Polyaluminium ChloridePrimary candidate Aluminium SulfatePrimary candidate Ferric ChloridePrimary candidate Ferric SulfatePrimary candidate Polyferric SulfatePrimary candidate Polyamine CoagulantPrimary candidate Poly(diallyldimethylammonium Chloride)Primary candidate PolyacrylamideSupporting item Polyacrylamide EmulsionSupporting item Aluminium ChlorohydratePrimary candidate Sodium AluminatePrimary candidate Ferrous ChloridePrimary candidate Biobased FlocculantConditional Option	Review water source, turbidity or suspended solids, pH, alkalinity and the settling or flotation process. Potable-water applications require product-specific end-use documentation. View each product's function and conditions Polyaluminium Chloride Function:Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand. Conditions:Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions. Aluminium Sulfate Function:Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand. Conditions:Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions. Ferric Chloride Function:Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand. Conditions:Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions. Ferric Sulfate Function:Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand. Conditions:Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions. Polyferric Sulfate Function:Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand. Conditions:Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions. Polyamine Coagulant Function:An organic coagulant option that destabilizes colloids before further flocculation and solid–liquid separation. Conditions:Define the sample's charge demand, intended use and downstream process. A polymer name alone does not establish dosage or grade. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium Chloride) Function:An organic coagulant option that destabilizes colloids before further flocculation and solid–liquid separation. Conditions:Define the sample's charge demand, intended use and downstream process. A polymer name alone does not establish dosage or grade. Polyacrylamide Function:Polymer bridging and charge effects help build separable flocs. Flocculation does not remove dissolved salts or all COD. Conditions:Define particle and sludge properties, and match preparation, shear and settling/flotation/dewatering trials to the selected grade. Polyacrylamide Emulsion Function:Polymer bridging and charge effects help build separable flocs. Flocculation does not remove dissolved salts or all COD. Conditions:Define particle and sludge properties, and match preparation, shear and settling/flotation/dewatering trials to the selected grade. Aluminium Chlorohydrate Function:Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand. Conditions:Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions. Sodium Aluminate Function:Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand. Conditions:Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions. Ferrous Chloride Function:Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand. Conditions:Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions. Biobased Flocculant Function:A supplementary coagulation route for specific raw material sources or water conditions. Conditions:Have the material composition, end-use documents and comparison trials on the same water sample available.	View product-specific checks Polyaluminium Chloride Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Al₂O₃ content; Basicity; Insoluble matter; pH test conditions; Impurity limits for the intended use; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Aluminium Sulfate Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Al₂O₃ content; Iron; Insoluble matter; pH conditions; Hydration state; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Ferric Chloride Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Effective iron content; Free acid; Impurities; Form & trial results; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Ferric Sulfate Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Iron content; Free acid; Insoluble matter; Impurity requirements for the intended use; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Polyferric Sulfate Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Total iron; Basicity; Insoluble matter; Form; Trial conditions; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Polyamine Coagulant Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Composition; Active content & method; Viscosity test conditions; pH; Application trials; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium Chloride) Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Nominal concentration & test basis; Viscosity & test conditions; Residual monomer; pH; End-use documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Polyacrylamide Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Ionic type & charge characteristics; Viscosity and test concentration/temperature; Residual monomer & test report; Dissolution conditions; Trial evaluation criteria; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Polyacrylamide Emulsion Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Ionic type; Active polymer; Emulsion system; Preparation conditions; Residual monomer; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Aluminium Chlorohydrate Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Al₂O₃ basis; Basicity; Impurities; Specific end use; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Sodium Aluminate Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Active components; Alkalinity; Form; Process compatibility; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Ferrous Chloride Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Ferrous iron content; Free acid; Impurities; Downstream solid–liquid separation; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Biobased Flocculant Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Raw material & composition; Suitable pH; Degradability data; Residual impurities; Trial performance; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Compare results using representative water samples or site data, retaining the test methods and operating conditions.
Filter media & filter aidsAdsorption & filtrationFilter by this objective	Sand / Anthracite Filtration MediaSupporting item Diatomite / Perlite Filter AidsSupporting item	Confirm the filter design, particle-size distribution, allowable pressure drop and final water use before selecting a medium or filter aid. View each product's function and conditions Sand / Anthracite Filtration Media Function:Improves particle separation through filter-bed retention or an equipment-compatible filter-aid layer. Conditions:Define filter structure, particle grading, pressure differential, backwashing and final water use. Sand filtration does not equate to dissolved-ion removal. Diatomite / Perlite Filter Aids Function:Improves particle separation through filter-bed retention or an equipment-compatible filter-aid layer. Conditions:Define filter structure, particle grading, pressure differential, backwashing and final water use. Sand filtration does not equate to dissolved-ion removal.	View product-specific checks Sand / Anthracite Filtration Media Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Media composition; Particle size & grading; Treatment objective; Capacity or performance test conditions; End-use documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Diatomite / Perlite Filter Aids Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Media composition; Particle size & grading; Treatment objective; Capacity or performance test conditions; End-use documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Compare results using representative water samples or site data, retaining the test methods and operating conditions.
Activated-carbon adsorption for color, odor & tasteAdsorption & filtrationFilter by this objective	Granular Activated CarbonPrimary candidate Powdered Activated CarbonPrimary candidate	Select the carbon type using target contaminants, test method and contact conditions. Powdered carbon needs a suitable downstream solids-separation step. View each product's function and conditions Granular Activated Carbon Function:Suitable carbon grades adsorb certain organic compounds, color, odor, taste or residual oxidants. Conditions:Define the contaminant profile, contact conditions, dynamic trials and spent-carbon disposal. Powdered carbon requires downstream solid–liquid separation. Powdered Activated Carbon Function:Suitable carbon grades adsorb certain organic compounds, color, odor, taste or residual oxidants. Conditions:Define the contaminant profile, contact conditions, dynamic trials and spent-carbon disposal. Powdered carbon requires downstream solid–liquid separation.	View product-specific checks Granular Activated Carbon Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Media composition; Particle size & grading; Treatment objective; Capacity or performance test conditions; End-use documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Powdered Activated Carbon Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Media composition; Particle size & grading; Treatment objective; Capacity or performance test conditions; End-use documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Compare results using representative water samples or site data, retaining the test methods and operating conditions.
Chlorine or engineered chlorine-dioxide treatmentDisinfection & microbiological controlFilter by this objective	Sodium HypochloritePrimary candidate Calcium HypochloritePrimary candidate Sodium Chlorite SolutionSupporting item Sodium Chlorite SolidSupporting item Engineered Chlorine-Dioxide TreatmentConditional Option	Match the chemical to the intended use, generation equipment and monitoring plan. Sodium chlorite is a precursor for an engineered process, not an interchangeable direct chlorine source. View each product's function and conditions Sodium Hypochlorite Function:Provides active substances or finished formulations for microbial control in the relevant water system. Different actives require separate assessment. Conditions:Match product-specific end-use documents, target microorganisms, materials, contact procedure and residual control to the water system. Calcium Hypochlorite Function:Provides active substances or finished formulations for microbial control in the relevant water system. Different actives require separate assessment. Conditions:Match product-specific end-use documents, target microorganisms, materials, contact procedure and residual control to the water system. Sodium Chlorite Solution Function:A sodium chlorite precursor for an approved generation system, not a general directly dosed chlorine source. Conditions:Define the generator-specified precursor, actual concentration, intended use and monitoring documents. Sodium Chlorite Solid Function:A sodium chlorite precursor for an approved generation system, not a general directly dosed chlorine source. Conditions:Define the generator-specified precursor, actual concentration, intended use and monitoring documents. Engineered Chlorine-Dioxide Treatment Function:Coordinates chemicals and documents for a specified system, keeping engineered procedures distinct from general stock chemicals. Conditions:Define the project, specified system, approved use and residual/by-product monitoring. This does not establish equipment manufacture or system approval. Engineering items cover supporting requirements and chemical coordination only; they do not establish equipment manufacturing, installation or system approval.	View product-specific checks Sodium Hypochlorite Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Available chlorine as mass fraction or g/L; Concentration at delivery; Free alkali; Impurities; Storage and transport time & conditions; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Calcium Hypochlorite Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Available chlorine; Insoluble matter; Moisture; Particle form; Labels & transport documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Sodium Chlorite Solution Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: NaClO₂ content & measurement basis; Chlorate; Alkali & salt impurities; System requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Sodium Chlorite Solid Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: NaClO₂ content; Chlorate; Impurities; Packaging; Safety & transport documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Engineered Chlorine-Dioxide Treatment Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Generation system requirements; Specified precursor; End-use documents; Monitoring & residual assessment; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Compare results using representative water samples or site data, retaining the test methods and operating conditions.
pH & alkalinity adjustmentpH & alkalinityFilter by this objective	Sodium HydroxideAlternative route Calcium HydroxideAlternative route Calcium OxideAlternative route Sodium CarbonateAlternative route Sodium BicarbonateAlternative route Hydrochloric AcidAlternative route Sulfuric AcidAlternative route Carbon Dioxide for Water TreatmentConditional Option	Select the acid or alkali route from the water analysis and process objective. Listed products are alternatives or serve different stages; they are not a combined dosing recipe. View each product's function and conditions Sodium Hydroxide Function:Provides alkalinity or neutralizing capacity. Its role differs from rapid pH adjustment and hardness precipitation. Conditions:Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together. Calcium Hydroxide Function:Provides alkalinity or neutralizing capacity. Its role differs from rapid pH adjustment and hardness precipitation. Conditions:Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together. Calcium Oxide Function:Provides alkalinity or neutralizing capacity. Its role differs from rapid pH adjustment and hardness precipitation. Conditions:Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together. Sodium Carbonate Function:Provides alkalinity or neutralizing capacity. Its role differs from rapid pH adjustment and hardness precipitation. Conditions:Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together. Sodium Bicarbonate Function:Provides alkalinity or neutralizing capacity. Its role differs from rapid pH adjustment and hardness precipitation. Conditions:Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together. Hydrochloric Acid Function:Provides acidity adjustment or engineered pH control, not general contaminant removal. Conditions:Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together. Sulfuric Acid Function:Provides acidity adjustment or engineered pH control, not general contaminant removal. Conditions:Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together. Carbon Dioxide for Water Treatment Function:Provides acidity adjustment or engineered pH control, not general contaminant removal. Conditions:Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together. Engineering items cover supporting requirements and chemical coordination only; they do not establish equipment manufacturing, installation or system approval.	View product-specific checks Sodium Hydroxide Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Calcium Hydroxide Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Calcium Oxide Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Sodium Carbonate Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Na₂CO₃ content; Insoluble matter; Particle form & bulk density; Impurities; Actual water quality; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Sodium Bicarbonate Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Hydrochloric Acid Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Sulfuric Acid Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Carbon Dioxide for Water Treatment Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents. Compare results using representative water samples or site data, retaining the test methods and operating conditions.

Need to compare these routes under your operating conditions?Share influent quality, treatment objectives and the existing process to discuss which products and conditions should be validated first.

Process & product matching

Select a treatment objective to explore suitable products.

Different treatment routes may apply. Open the matching notes for each product to review its role, conditions and purchasing criteria.

Treatment objectiveProduct type

Select against raw water changes, intended use and water supply equipment. End-use documents for drinking water chemicals and materials must match the specific product.

Polyaluminium Chloride · Product form reference

Specialty formulations

Coagulation & flocculation

Polyaluminium Chloride

For raw water and wastewater coagulation, compare active components, basicity and water-sample trials against clarification and phosphorus-removal requirements.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand.
Conditions: Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Al₂O₃ content; Basicity; Insoluble matter; pH test conditions; Impurity limits for the intended use; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Aluminium Sulfate · Product form reference

Base chemicals

Coagulation & flocculation

Aluminium Sulfate

An aluminium salt option for coagulation and chemical phosphorus removal in raw water and wastewater, supporting clarification and solid–liquid separation.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand.
Conditions: Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Al₂O₃ content; Iron; Insoluble matter; pH conditions; Hydration state; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Ferric Chloride · Product form reference

Base chemicals

Coagulation & flocculation

Ferric Chloride

An iron salt raw material for coagulation and chemical phosphorus removal, supporting clarification and sludge–water separation.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand.
Conditions: Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Effective iron content; Free acid; Impurities; Form & trial results; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Base chemicals

Coagulation & flocculation

Ferric Sulfate

An iron salt option for water and wastewater coagulation and phosphorus removal, followed by flocculation and separation.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand.
Conditions: Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Iron content; Free acid; Insoluble matter; Impurity requirements for the intended use; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Polyferric Sulfate · Product form reference

Specialty formulations

Coagulation & flocculation

Polyferric Sulfate

A polymeric iron coagulant option for clarification, phosphorus removal and sludge treatment support.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand.
Conditions: Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Total iron; Basicity; Insoluble matter; Form; Trial conditions; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Polyamine Coagulant · Product form reference

Specialty formulations

Coagulation & flocculation

Polyamine Coagulant

An organic coagulant option for colloid destabilization, clarification and separation in certain oily water systems.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: An organic coagulant option that destabilizes colloids before further flocculation and solid–liquid separation.
Conditions: Define the sample's charge demand, intended use and downstream process. A polymer name alone does not establish dosage or grade.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Composition; Active content & method; Viscosity test conditions; pH; Application trials; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium Chloride) · Product form reference

Specialty formulations

Coagulation & flocculation

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium Chloride)

An organic coagulating polymer for raw water, industrial water and suitable solid–liquid separation procedures.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: An organic coagulant option that destabilizes colloids before further flocculation and solid–liquid separation.
Conditions: Define the sample's charge demand, intended use and downstream process. A polymer name alone does not establish dosage or grade.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Nominal concentration & test basis; Viscosity & test conditions; Residual monomer; pH; End-use documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Specialty formulations

Coagulation & flocculation

Polyacrylamide

Select a suitable PAM for clarification, settling, thickening and sludge dewatering, matching flocculation behavior to the water, particles and equipment.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Polymer bridging and charge effects help build separable flocs. Flocculation does not remove dissolved salts or all COD.
Conditions: Define particle and sludge properties, and match preparation, shear and settling/flotation/dewatering trials to the selected grade.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Ionic type & charge characteristics; Viscosity and test concentration/temperature; Residual monomer & test report; Dissolution conditions; Trial evaluation criteria; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Polyacrylamide Emulsion · Product form reference

Specialty formulations

Coagulation & flocculation

Polyacrylamide Emulsion

An emulsion flocculating polymer for solid–liquid separation in clarification, thickening and dewatering.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Polymer bridging and charge effects help build separable flocs. Flocculation does not remove dissolved salts or all COD.
Conditions: Define particle and sludge properties, and match preparation, shear and settling/flotation/dewatering trials to the selected grade.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Ionic type; Active polymer; Emulsion system; Preparation conditions; Residual monomer; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Aluminium Chlorohydrate · Product form reference

Specialty formulations

Coagulation & flocculation

Aluminium Chlorohydrate

An aluminium coagulant with a different composition from PAC, for raw water and wastewater clarification.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand.
Conditions: Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Al₂O₃ basis; Basicity; Impurities; Specific end use; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Sodium Aluminate · Product form reference

Base chemicals

Coagulation & flocculation

Sodium Aluminate

An alkaline aluminium component for suitable coagulation, chemical phosphorus removal and precipitation softening.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand.
Conditions: Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Active components; Alkalinity; Form; Process compatibility; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Ferrous Chloride · Product form reference

Base chemicals

Coagulation & flocculation

Ferrous Chloride

A ferrous salt option for specified reduction, sulfide-control and water treatment steps.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Inorganic salt coagulation creates separable particles and affects downstream sludge production and alkalinity demand.
Conditions: Compare pH, alkalinity, effective metal content and representative coagulation trials. Ferrous salts also require defined oxidation and downstream separation conditions.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Ferrous iron content; Free acid; Impurities; Downstream solid–liquid separation; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Biobased Flocculant · Product form reference

Specialty formulations

Coagulation & flocculation

Biobased Flocculant

A bio-based flocculant route for specific solid–liquid separation requirements validated in trials.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: A supplementary coagulation route for specific raw material sources or water conditions.
Conditions: Have the material composition, end-use documents and comparison trials on the same water sample available.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Raw material & composition; Suitable pH; Degradability data; Residual impurities; Trial performance; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Sand / Anthracite Filtration Media · Product form reference

Media & resins

Adsorption, ion exchange & filtration

Sand / Anthracite Filtration Media

Sand, anthracite and other filtration materials for particle separation in raw water and industrial water.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Improves particle separation through filter-bed retention or an equipment-compatible filter-aid layer.
Conditions: Define filter structure, particle grading, pressure differential, backwashing and final water use. Sand filtration does not equate to dissolved-ion removal.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Media composition; Particle size & grading; Treatment objective; Capacity or performance test conditions; End-use documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Diatomite / Perlite Filter Aids · Product form reference

Media & resins

Adsorption, ion exchange & filtration

Diatomite / Perlite Filter Aids

Diatomite or perlite filter aids for suitable filtration equipment, supporting filter-layer formation and particle retention.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Improves particle separation through filter-bed retention or an equipment-compatible filter-aid layer.
Conditions: Define filter structure, particle grading, pressure differential, backwashing and final water use. Sand filtration does not equate to dissolved-ion removal.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Media composition; Particle size & grading; Treatment objective; Capacity or performance test conditions; End-use documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Granular Activated Carbon · Product form reference

Media & resins

Adsorption, ion exchange & filtration

Granular Activated Carbon

Granular adsorption media for certain organic compounds, color, odor, taste, residual chlorine and specified contaminants.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Suitable carbon grades adsorb certain organic compounds, color, odor, taste or residual oxidants.
Conditions: Define the contaminant profile, contact conditions, dynamic trials and spent-carbon disposal. Powdered carbon requires downstream solid–liquid separation.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Media composition; Particle size & grading; Treatment objective; Capacity or performance test conditions; End-use documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Powdered Activated Carbon · Product form reference

Media & resins

Adsorption, ion exchange & filtration

Powdered Activated Carbon

Powdered adsorption material for certain organic compounds, color, odor and taste, followed by sludge–water separation.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Suitable carbon grades adsorb certain organic compounds, color, odor, taste or residual oxidants.
Conditions: Define the contaminant profile, contact conditions, dynamic trials and spent-carbon disposal. Powdered carbon requires downstream solid–liquid separation.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Media composition; Particle size & grading; Treatment objective; Capacity or performance test conditions; End-use documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Sodium Hypochlorite · Product form reference

Base chemicals

Disinfection & oxidation

Sodium Hypochlorite

A chlorine source for suitable disinfection steps in water supply, wastewater and industrial water, compatible with liquid dosing arrangements.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Provides active substances or finished formulations for microbial control in the relevant water system. Different actives require separate assessment.
Conditions: Match product-specific end-use documents, target microorganisms, materials, contact procedure and residual control to the water system.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Available chlorine as mass fraction or g/L; Concentration at delivery; Free alkali; Impurities; Storage and transport time & conditions; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Calcium Hypochlorite · Product form reference

Base chemicals

Disinfection & oxidation

Calcium Hypochlorite

A solid chlorine source for the relevant water treatment procedure, considering available chlorine, impurities and disinfection equipment.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Provides active substances or finished formulations for microbial control in the relevant water system. Different actives require separate assessment.
Conditions: Match product-specific end-use documents, target microorganisms, materials, contact procedure and residual control to the water system.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Available chlorine; Insoluble matter; Moisture; Particle form; Labels & transport documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Sodium Chlorite Solution · Product form reference

Base chemicals

Disinfection & oxidation

Sodium Chlorite Solution

A liquid precursor for an engineered chlorine-dioxide generation system, specified against the generator's required raw materials and delivery requirements.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: A sodium chlorite precursor for an approved generation system, not a general directly dosed chlorine source.
Conditions: Define the generator-specified precursor, actual concentration, intended use and monitoring documents.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: NaClO₂ content & measurement basis; Chlorate; Alkali & salt impurities; System requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Sodium Chlorite Solid · Product form reference

Base chemicals

Disinfection & oxidation

Sodium Chlorite Solid

A solid sodium chlorite option for the relevant industrial procedure or specified chlorine-dioxide generator.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: A sodium chlorite precursor for an approved generation system, not a general directly dosed chlorine source.
Conditions: Define the generator-specified precursor, actual concentration, intended use and monitoring documents.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: NaClO₂ content; Chlorate; Impurities; Packaging; Safety & transport documents; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Engineered Chlorine-Dioxide Treatment · Product form reference

Engineering coordination

Disinfection & microbiological control

Engineered Chlorine-Dioxide Treatment

Organize precursor, supporting chemical and document requirements around the specified chlorine-dioxide system so purchasing matches the equipment procedure.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Coordinates chemicals and documents for a specified system, keeping engineered procedures distinct from general stock chemicals.
Conditions: Define the project, specified system, approved use and residual/by-product monitoring. This does not establish equipment manufacture or system approval. Engineering items cover supporting requirements and chemical coordination only; they do not establish equipment manufacturing, installation or system approval.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Generation system requirements; Specified precursor; End-use documents; Monitoring & residual assessment; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Sodium Hydroxide · Product form reference

Base chemicals

pH, alkalinity & remineralization

Sodium Hydroxide

A common alkali raw material for pH adjustment, certain metal-precipitation steps and specified cleaning or regeneration procedures.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Provides alkalinity or neutralizing capacity. Its role differs from rapid pH adjustment and hardness precipitation.
Conditions: Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Calcium Hydroxide · Product form reference

Base chemicals

pH, alkalinity & remineralization

Calcium Hydroxide

A calcium alkali source for suitable neutralization, chemical softening and precipitation treatment.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Provides alkalinity or neutralizing capacity. Its role differs from rapid pH adjustment and hardness precipitation.
Conditions: Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Base chemicals

pH, alkalinity & remineralization

Calcium Oxide

A quicklime option for specified softening, sludge treatment and engineered alkali-supply procedures.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Provides alkalinity or neutralizing capacity. Its role differs from rapid pH adjustment and hardness precipitation.
Conditions: Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Sodium Carbonate · Product form reference

Base chemicals

pH, alkalinity & remineralization

Sodium Carbonate

A carbonate alkali source for suitable pH adjustment, alkalinity support and chemical softening.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Provides alkalinity or neutralizing capacity. Its role differs from rapid pH adjustment and hardness precipitation.
Conditions: Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Na₂CO₃ content; Insoluble matter; Particle form & bulk density; Impurities; Actual water quality; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Sodium Bicarbonate · Product form reference

Base chemicals

pH, alkalinity & remineralization

Sodium Bicarbonate

An alkalinity and buffering raw material for biological treatment systems and suitable water-balance requirements.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Provides alkalinity or neutralizing capacity. Its role differs from rapid pH adjustment and hardness precipitation.
Conditions: Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Hydrochloric Acid · Product form reference

Base chemicals

pH, alkalinity & remineralization

Hydrochloric Acid

An acid source for suitable pH adjustment, ion exchange regeneration and specified cleaning procedures.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Provides acidity adjustment or engineered pH control, not general contaminant removal.
Conditions: Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Base chemicals

pH, alkalinity & remineralization

Sulfuric Acid

An acid option for suitable acid–alkali adjustment and specified resin-regeneration procedures.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Provides acidity adjustment or engineered pH control, not general contaminant removal.
Conditions: Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Carbon Dioxide for Water Treatment · Product form reference

Engineering coordination

pH, alkalinity & remineralization

Carbon Dioxide for Water Treatment

Coordinate carbon-dioxide supply and supporting requirements for specified pH-control and remineralization projects.

Why this matches

Conditional option

Role: Provides acidity adjustment or engineered pH control, not general contaminant removal.
Conditions: Select the acid or alkali from titration demand, buffering capacity, storage and transport, equipment materials and final use. Candidates are alternatives to compare, not instructions to mix them together. Engineering items cover supporting requirements and chemical coordination only; they do not establish equipment manufacturing, installation or system approval.
Before purchase: Surface Water & Water Treatment Plants: Actual composition & form; Content basis; Water quality; Equipment materials; End-use requirements; Consider raw water analysis, turbidity, color, odor and taste, process flow, intended use and project documents.

Confirmed available

Technical references & scope

Industry references describe general uses. Product specifications, certifications and application results require the corresponding supplier documentation.

PURCHASING QUESTIONS

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Surface Water & Municipal Waterworks

Chemistry matched to real operating conditions.

Surface Water & Municipal Waterworks: understand the treatment stages first.

Check together during selection

Surface Water & Municipal Waterworks: match requirements to each treatment stage.

Define influent and objectives first

Then confirm assessment limits

Select a treatment objective to explore suitable products.

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